1. Singular
2. Dual
3. Plural
The following diagrams show how to make the Arabic Singular, Dual and Plural forms for Nouns in each of the 3 Grammatical Cases:
1. Nominative case المرفوع
2. Accusative case المنصوب
3. Genitive case المجرور
The Noun الاِسْم al-ism stands for something that can be concrete or abstract. It can be indefinite or definite; singular, dual, or plural; masculine or feminine. In a sentence, it functions as a subject (of verbal and nominal sentences) or an object (of a verb and a preposition).
In the Singular form the following Vowel Sounds are used in each of the 3 Grammatical Cases:
Singular, Dual, and Plural:
• A singular مُفْرَد mufrah noun refers to one person or entity.
• A dual مُثَنَّى muthanna refers to two.
• A plural
جَمْع jam‘ refers
to three or more.
Dual
• The dual is derived from the singular by adding ـان regardless of the type of singular (i.e. animate, inanimate, masculine, or feminine).
Nominal
Duals:
• The ا and ن
change to ي and ن
when the noun is in an object position, after a preposition, or the
second noun of a genitive construction. Hence, the dual marker is ـان
or ـين depending on the parsing
mark of the noun, as in the following table.
• In the table above, the indefinite singular noun gets tanween (of fatHah, DHammah, or kasrah) based on the its parsing mark. The definite noun (the noun with ال) gets fatHah, DHammah, or kasrah. The dual noun gets ـان if it is nominative مَرْفُوْع and ـين if it is accusative مَنْصُوب or genitive مَجْرُور. therefore, the dual form with accusative and genitive mark is the same.
Verbal Duals:
• The dual marker with verbs is ـان however, the ن is retained only with the indicative مَرْفُوْع form of the verb because it replaces the DHammah of the singular indicative form of the present verb. If the verb is subjunctive مَنْصُوب or jussive مَجْزُوم, the ن is dropped, as in these examples..
Plural
• The plural is a little more complicated. There are two types of it: sound plural الجَمْع السَّالِم al-jam‘ as-saalim and broken plural جَمْع التَّكْسِير jam‘ at-taksiir. The sound plural is regular and is derived from the singular by adding ـون in the case of the masculine, and ـات in the case of the feminine, as in the list below. The broken plural is irregular. It has different forms and multiple rules; therefore, it is not explained here
Example of sound masculine plural
Sound masculine plural جَمْعُ المُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمِ))
Example of sound feminine plural
• Sound
feminine plural جَمْعُ المُؤَنَّثِ السَّالِمِ))
Broken Plural جَمْعُ التَّكْسِيْرِ
• This type of plural is called broken because its singular is not kept sound. The brokenness that the singular undergoes is a change diacritical marks, al-Harakat, adding a letter, or dropping a letter. Take the word كِتَاب ‘ book’. Its plural isكُتُب in which the three root letters ك + ت + ب of the singular are kept; however, the alif is dropped and the Harakat changes from kasrah and fatHah in كِتَاب to DHammah and DHammah in كُتُب.
Broken Plural جَمْعُ التَّكْسِيْرِ
• 13 Broken
Plurals Forms in Arabic.
• Now, I will
show you the list of broken plural patterns.
• In addition
to this, I also present you some examples for each patterns.
• I suggest you
again to observe and memorize the plural form of noun/adjective if you find the
new noun/adjective words. Afterwards, recognize that plural form in which
pattern it has.
• Below are the
patterns:
1. فُعَّالٌ
2. فِعَالٌ
• Examples:
3. أَفْعَالٌ
• Examples:
4. فُعُوْلٌ
• Examples:
5. فِعْلَةٌ
• Examples:
•
6. فُعُلٌ
•
Examples:
•
7. فُعَلاَءُ
• This patters
has no Tanween مَمْنُوْعٌ
مِنَ الصَّرْفِ).)
Examples:
• 8 أَفْعِلاَء
• This patters
has no Tanween مَمْنُوْعٌ
مِنَ الصَّرْفِ).)Examples:
•
9. مَفَاعِلُ
• This patters
has no Tanween مَمْنُوْعٌ
مِنَ الصَّرْفِ).)
Examples:
• 10. مَفَاعِيْلُ
• This patters
has no Tanween مَمْنُوْعٌ
مِنَ الصَّرْفِ).) Examples:
•
11. أَفْعِلَةٌ
• Examples:
•
12. أَفْعُلٌ
• Examples:
•
13. فُعْلاَنٌ
•
Examples:
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